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Imad Fayez Mughniyeh (Arabic: عماد فايز مغنية; December 7, 1962 – February 12, 2008), Alias al-Hajj Radwan (الحاج رضوان), was a senior member of Lebanon's Islamic Jihad Organization and Hezbollah. Information about Mughniyeh is limited, but he is generally understood to have been a principal leader and operative for a number of years within Hezbollah's military, intelligence, and security apparatuses. He may also have been among the founders of Hezbollah in the 1980s. He has been described as "a sort of 'super chief of staff'" within Hezbollah, who once saw himself as the probable successor to Hassan Nasrallah as the leader of Hezbollah.〔 U.S. and Israeli officials have accused Mughniyeh of association with many bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations, beginning with the Beirut barracks bombing and US embassy bombings, both of which took place in 1983 and killed over 350, as well as the kidnapping of dozens of foreigners in Lebanon in the 1980s. He was indicted in Argentina for his alleged role in the 1992 Israeli embassy attack in Buenos Aires. The highest-profile attacks for which it is claimed he is responsible took place in the early 1980s, shortly after the founding of Hezbollah, when Mughniyah was in his early twenties. U.S. officials have accused him of killing more United States citizens than any other militant prior to the September 11 attacks, and the bombings and kidnappings he is alleged to have organized are credited with all but eliminating the US military presence in Lebanon in the 1980s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Arab American News - Mughnieh murder could trigger retaliation )〕 Mughniyeh was known by his ''nom de guerre'' al-Hajj Radwan. Mughniyeh was included in the European Union's list of wanted terrorists.〔European Union, Council Common Position 2001/931/CFSP of 27 December 2001 on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism (Freezing funds: list of terrorists and terrorist groups ) Accessed 17 August 2006〕〔Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 (Official Journal L 144 , 08/06/2005 P. 0054 - 0058 ) Accessed August 17, 2006〕〔COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2005/847/CFSP of 29 November 2005 (Official Journal of the European Union ) Accessed 17 August 2006〕 and had a US$5 million bounty on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list. Mughniyeh was killed on the night of 12 February 2008 by a car bomb that detonated as he passed by on foot,〔(Assassinations: the work of Mossad? ) From Times, 16 February 2010〕 in the Kafr Sousa neighborhood of Damascus, Syria.〔(), "Will Hezbullah avenge the hit on its terror chief?" by Yaakov Katz, 11 February 2011〕 ==Early life and activities== Mughniyeh was born in the village of Tayr Dibba, near Tyre, on 7 December 1962 to a family of poor farmers who harvested olives and lemons in the orchards of Lebanon's southern Shi'a heartland.〔 His father's name was Fayez. For some time it was mistakenly thought that he was the son of Jawad (or Javad) Mughniyeh, a religious figure and author.〔 His birth date has also been given as July 1962. Mughniyeh had two younger brothers, Jihad and Fouad.〔〔 About a decade after Mughniyeh's birth, his father moved the family to southern Beirut.〔 CIA South Group records state that Mughniyeh lived in Ayn Al-Dilbah, an impoverished neighborhood in South Beirut.〔 p. 98–99〕 Mughniyeh is described as having been a popular boy and a "natural entertainer" who cracked jokes at family weddings and "worked the crowd with a confidence unusual for a youth his age." Mughniyeh and his cousin Mustafa Badr Al Din became active in the Palestinian Fatah movement at an early age. Mughniyeh was discovered by fellow Lebanese Ali Abu Hassan Deeb (who would later become a leader in Hezbollah) and quickly rose through the ranks of the movement.〔 In the mid-1970s, Mugniyah organized the "Student Brigade," a unit of 100 young men which became part of Yasser Arafat's elite Force 17.〔 Mughniyeh temporarily left Fatah in 1981 due to differences of opinion on the regime of Saddam Hussein. Mughniyeh was a Shiite and deeply religious and was upset by the murder of the Iraqi Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr in 1980 as well as a previous attempt by the Iraqi intelligence on the life of Lebanese Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah. Fatah was formally in alliance the Lebanese National Movement, which included the Lebanese pro-Iraqi branch of the Ba’th party. Mughniyeh and some of his Lebanese Shiite comrades were forced to leave Fatah after engaging in armed confrontations with Ba’th party activists. They had previously organized a body guard unit for Ayatollah Fadlallah and other Shiite clerics in Lebanon. Mughniyeh accompanied Ayatollah Fadlallah on a Hajj pilgrimage in 1980 and thus earned his Hajj title.〔 Mughniyeh was a student in the engineering department at the American University of Beirut in 1981 when the United States gave the "green light" for Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon in pursuit of the Palestine Liberation Organization.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=25 February 2008 )〕 When Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982, Mughniyeh was in Iran but hurried back to Beirut where he rejoined Fatah. He participated in the defence of West Beirut, where he was wounded in the fighting. After the withdrawal of PLO forces from Beirut in September 1982 Mughniyeh acquired an important position in the nascent resistance to the Israeli occupation due to his knowledge of arms caches left behind by the Palestinians. He remained a Fatah member during this period but also worked with other factions, such as the leftist Lebanese National Movement and Islamic resistance groups. Mughniyeh remained a member of Fatah until 1984 when he joined the newly created Islamic Resistance of Hezbollah. However, he remained close to Fatah leader Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad) until the latter’s death in 1988. He also remained deeply committed to the Palestine cause throughout his life and apparently founded the secret "Committee for Elimination of Israel" inside Hezbollah in 2000.〔Mughniya: "After the liberation in 2000, when it became easier for us to learn more about the enemy, and our own capabilities, the dream of liberating Palestine appeared possible to achieve. We had established a committee for the elimination of Israel (لجنة لإزالة إسرائيل). In the Resistance, we have, furthermore, a special unit for Palestine. We do not do the work for the Palestinians, and will never do that. But from a political, moral and religious standpoint we are required to provide full support for the resistance fighters in Palestine, not only to help them stay where they are now, but to resist the occupation and gradually push it out of the occupied territories." (al-Akhbar, 17 February 2012)〕 In later years, and especially after the Oslo accords, Mughniyeh and Hezbollah sided with the more militant Palestinian factions such as Hamas and the Islamic Jihad.〔 Mughniyeh worked as the bodyguard for Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, a spiritual mentor to many in Lebanon's Shi'a community whose political consciousness was on the rise. Fadlallah held no formal political role, "opposed violence and sectarian division, and defied growing Iranian influence in Lebanon." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Imad Mughniyah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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